Background of the Study
Student motivation in physical education has emerged as a pivotal area of research, particularly in regions where educational and socio-cultural challenges influence participation rates. In Bauchi Local Government Area, Bauchi State, the motivation of students to engage in physical education is affected by various factors including socio-economic background, peer influence, and the quality of instructional methods (Chukwuemeka, 2023). A high level of motivation not only leads to improved physical fitness but also promotes discipline, social interaction, and a positive attitude towards teamwork. Recent studies indicate that motivational factors in physical education are strongly linked to the perceived relevance and enjoyment of the activities, as well as the supportive role of teachers and peers (Ibrahim, 2024). In Bauchi, where traditional values and modern educational practices coexist, understanding what drives or hinders student motivation is critical. The educational system in Bauchi has recently begun to emphasize the importance of holistic development, integrating physical education with cognitive and social learning outcomes (Suleiman, 2025). Nonetheless, persistent challenges such as inadequate sports facilities, outdated equipment, and a lack of innovative teaching methods continue to undermine student enthusiasm. The literature suggests that intrinsic motivation—where students engage in physical activities for the sheer pleasure of participation—can be significantly enhanced by adopting learner-centered pedagogies and providing positive reinforcement (Danjuma, 2023). Moreover, extrinsic motivators such as awards, recognition, and structured competitions play an important role in sustaining interest. The current study therefore aims to explore the various dimensions of motivation among primary school students in Bauchi, focusing on both internal drives and external influences. By analyzing motivational patterns through qualitative and quantitative data, the research seeks to establish a clear link between effective teaching strategies and improved student participation in physical education. This study is positioned to contribute to the broader discourse on educational motivation by highlighting localized factors in Bauchi that impact how students perceive and engage with physical education (Abdulrahman, 2024). The findings will not only advance academic understanding but will also serve as a basis for developing targeted interventions that enhance student motivation in physical education settings.
Statement of the Problem
Despite widespread recognition of the benefits of physical education, there remains a significant challenge in sustaining student motivation within Bauchi Local Government Area. Many primary schools report that students frequently exhibit a lack of interest and low energy during physical activities, a situation that could have long-term adverse effects on their physical health and overall educational experience (Bello, 2023). The underlying problem appears to be multifaceted: insufficiently engaging instructional methods, limited resources, and socio-cultural factors that devalue physical education in comparison to academic subjects. Educators have expressed concerns that the current motivational strategies fail to resonate with the diverse interests of students, leading to a decline in participation and enthusiasm (Mustapha, 2024). In addition, the traditional competitive environment and emphasis on performance outcomes may inadvertently demotivate students who are less athletically inclined. This scenario is further compounded by a lack of professional development opportunities for physical education teachers, which restricts their ability to adopt innovative and student-centered teaching approaches (Adamu, 2025). The problem is thus characterized by a gap between the theoretical benefits of physical education and the practical realities experienced by students in Bauchi. Consequently, there is an urgent need to critically assess the motivational factors at play and to identify strategies that can enhance student engagement. The present study seeks to address this gap by investigating the intrinsic and extrinsic motivational drivers among students, as well as the contextual barriers that limit effective participation in physical education. By providing an in-depth analysis of these factors, the study aims to offer recommendations that could lead to a more motivating and inclusive physical education environment, ultimately contributing to better educational outcomes and improved well-being for students (Hassan, 2024).
Objectives of the Study
To examine the factors influencing student motivation in physical education.
To evaluate the effectiveness of current motivational strategies used by teachers.
To propose interventions for enhancing motivation among students in physical education.
Research Questions
What intrinsic and extrinsic factors influence student motivation in physical education?
How effective are current teaching methods in motivating students?
What strategies can be implemented to improve student engagement?
Research Hypotheses
There is a significant positive relationship between innovative teaching methods and student motivation.
Extrinsic rewards have a measurable impact on increasing participation in physical education.
Enhanced teacher training in motivational strategies will lead to improved student engagement.
Significance of the Study
This study is significant because it explores the critical issue of student motivation in physical education, offering valuable insights into how both intrinsic and extrinsic factors influence participation. The outcomes can help educators design more engaging curricula that foster not only physical fitness but also holistic development. By addressing motivational challenges, the research will contribute to creating a more dynamic and inclusive educational environment in Bauchi, ultimately leading to improved academic performance and overall student well-being (Yusuf, 2023).
Scope and Limitations of the Study
The study is limited to investigating student motivation in physical education within primary schools in Bauchi Local Government Area, Bauchi State. Its findings are contextual and may not be extrapolated to different regions or educational levels.
Definitions of Terms
Motivation: The internal and external factors that stimulate interest and active participation in activities.
Physical Education: A curriculum subject focused on the development of physical fitness and motor skills.
Extrinsic Rewards: External incentives such as awards or recognition provided to motivate behavior.
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